Climate litigation
| Yaɣ sheli | legal proceeding, environmental law  |
|---|---|
| Lahibali kpani | climate change mitigation |
.jpg)
Climate ligation nyɛla din ni too lahi boli Climate change litigation, di nyɛla Ʒileli zalisi din na yirina palo ka di maali alikaali tutumsa tumdi tuma ka maali dunia biɛhigu taɣibu bobu kpaŋmaŋa din yirina gɔmnan-ti tuma duri ni na. Siyaasatali shɛli din kpɛri dunia nahiŋgbana taɣibu din bi che ka dunia biɛhigu taɣibu chani kaliŋkaliŋ. Ban bɔra di niŋsim mini alikaalinima nyɛla ban kpaŋsi bɛ kpaŋmaŋa ni bɛ zaŋ tiŋgbani mini andunia zaa sariya dibu sɔya n-kpaŋsi bɛ kpaŋmaŋa.[1]
Yuuni 2000 piligu la, alikaali tuntumsa din mali fukumsi ni di tuhi dunia biɛhigu taɣibu nyɛla din pahi ka di pahira alikaali soli zuɣu, sariya shɛŋa din dira sariya dibu duu nyɛla din nam andunia zaligu din tuɣira dunia biɛhigu niŋsim mini alikaali yɛl'muɣisira din niŋ niŋgbuna ni zalisi din gbubi tiŋgbani, biɛhigu bee gbubbu zaligu, zaligu din pa gɔmnan-ti dini, anfaani diriba gu ka taɣi bee daadam fukumsi.[2] Sariya pam din nyɛ nasara mini sɔya chaŋ mi n-ti dalim dunia biɛhigu dede niŋbu yɛlibɔra n-ti pahi bi'pɔla biɛhigu zaŋ kpa dunia biɛhigu tooni chandi.
Din daa niŋ ka bɛ ŋmaai yuuni 2019 yɛltɔɣa shɛli din daa be State of the Netherlands nim mini Urgenda Foundation, di daa lee la talahi zaŋ ti State of Netherlands ni bi lihiri saha-saha taɣibu zuɣu. Lala zaɣa ŋɔ daa che mi ka ninvuɣ' shɛba ban daa duhiri di m-baɣa ka nim daa nyari nasara pam kootu nima.[3][4][5] Yuuni 2019, di yɛltɔɣa daa kuli deei la ʒii zaa. Zaŋ chaŋ silimin gɔli February 2020, Norton Rose Fulbright daa ŋmala o buku din daa wuhi ni di kootu nima kalinli daa paagi bin' tuhili ni kɔbisi (1400) tiŋgbana pihita ni atta (33).[6] Yuuni 2020 piligu ni, tiŋ shɛli daa ka United States tooni kootu yɛltɔɣa polo hali ka sariya ti paai bin tuhili n-dira.[2]
Zaligu Balibu
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Tingbani biεwhigu tulim mini di maasim zaligu, di nyεla namatεri zaligu din yirina ni di ti zaŋ zaligu tuma tum ka taɣi ka che tuma duzuɣiri kamani tingbanzuɣulana mini ŋan pa tingbanzuɣulana tuma tuma duzuɣiri ka bε bi saɣim tingbani biεhigu tulim mini di maasim.
Tingbani biεhigu tulim mini di maasim zaligu zaŋdila zalisi dibaanu ŋɔ shεli tumdi tuma;
1. Tingbani zalikpana-di nyεla din nini kpa tingbani yi ti yεn birigi di tingbani maa ni zalikpana.
2. Adiminisitireshin Zaligu- di gba nyεla din ŋmεri adiminisitiretif gbaabunima mini zaligu shεŋa ŋan sabi do kundunima ni ni nagbankpeeni, kamani n-tiri soli zaŋ chaŋ tuunkara polo.
3. ʒengamazuɣu zaligu.-
4. Kɔrinfahili mini daabilim zaligu-
5. Daadama yolisima(ni simdi shεli)
Niŋsim Balibu
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Din yi tiŋgban ni na
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Australia
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Zaŋ chaŋ silimin gɔli February 2020, Australia n-daa nyɛ tiŋgbaŋ shɛli din daa pahiri buyi andunia zaa din daa mali sariya shɛŋa din daa na bi di hali ka di kalinli paai sariya kɔbishii.
Germany
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Yuuni 2021, Germany Zalikpana kootu karili maa daa ŋmaaya ni gɔmnan-ti tuhibu ni o gubu zaŋ chaŋ saha saha taɣibu la daa pala binshɛli din zooi ka daa ŋmaai n-ti gɔmnan-ti, ni bi tiba hali ni yuuni 2022 ni o zaŋ kpaŋsi saha saha taɣibu zalikpana maa bini boli shɛli Climate Protection Act la.[7]
Republic of Ireland
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Silimin gɔli July 2020, simnima ban daa be Irish Environment ni daa dila nasara karili bi gɔmnan-ti zuɣu , din daa niŋ ka bɛ gɔmnan-ti daa bi kpuɣi sochibisi din yɛn tuhi saha saha taɣibu ni bin niɛma zaa kalinsi barina biɛhigu puuni. Lala maa zuɣu, Ireland kootu karili daa ŋmaaya ni gɔmnan-ti yuuni 2017 National Mitigation Plan zaŋ ti Saha saha taɣibu maa daa bi niŋ viɛnyɛla. Ka lahi yɛli, ni lala laasabu ŋɔ daa bi wuhi din yɛn booi pohim biɛɣu shɛli sokam ni mi 'greenhouse gas' tuhi niŋ pohim ni.[8]
Netherlands
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
.jpg)
Netherlands nim daa kuli niŋ la nimmohi ni booi pohim shɛli be ni booni 'Carbon dioxide' la be tiŋgbaŋ maa ni kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinu yin ka yuuni 1990 hali ni yuuni 2030. Amaa, Dutch Environmental Assessment daa wuhiya ni bɛ yuuni 2020 niya nim maa pala bɛ ni ni tooi pali shɛli.
Netherlands daa kuli niŋ la nimmɔhi ni bɛ booi pohim shɛli bɛ ni booni 'Carbon dioxide' la bɛ tiŋgbabi maa ni kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinu yin ka yuuni 1990 hali ni yuuni 2030. Amaa, Dutch Environmental Assessment daa wuhiya ni bɛ yuuni 2020 niya nim maa pala bini ni tooi pali shɛli.[9][10]
Yuuni 2012, Dutch looya biŋ daa pahi bɛ alikaali tuma yili nima , ni bɛ niŋmi siɣa ka niŋ saha saha taɣibu fukumsi talahi so kam zuɣu.[9][11] Yuuni 2013, Urgenda Foundation mini niriba ban kalinli daa paai pihiwɔi daa zaŋla Netherlands gɔmnan-ti n-tahi kootu , ni o daa bi kpuɣi sochibisi din yɛn booi "greenhouse gas" tuhi niŋ pohim puuni ka di barina yaɣi.[9]
Yuuni 2015, Hague District kootu daa ŋmaaya ni di niŋ talahi ti Netherlands gɔmnan-ti ni o bo sochibisi din yɛn booi "greenhouse gas" pohim puuni din yɛn gu tiŋgbaŋ maa bilichini nima ka che saha saha taɣibu barina nima (Urgenda Climate Case)[9][12][13]. Be daa buɣisi li mi ni di nyɛla "precedent-setting judgement"[12] ni "andunia zaa tuuli saha saha taɣibu kootu sariya"[13].
James Thornton, ŋun daa nyɛ Client Earth nim kpɛma maa daa yɛli ya ni achiika, saha saha taɣibu nyɛla binshɛli din tabibi baŋsim shɛli din mali anfaani ni na ni na daa gɔmnan-ti nambozobo. Ni daadam tɛha nyɛla binshɛli tini mali kuri bukaata pam luɣushɛli zaligu ni saɣiti ka lahi nyɛ binshɛli tiŋgbaŋ shɛŋa kootu nim ni.[12]
Silimin gɔli December, yuuni 2019, Netherlands nim kootu titali daa saɣi n-ti ŋun kam tuhiri gɔmnan-ti ni o baɣa ka shɛli o ni daa niŋ zaŋ jɛndi bi saha saha taɣibu maa zuɣu maa. Be saɣiti ŋɔ daa wuhiya ni di tu ni gɔmnan-ti m-bo sochibisi din yɛn che ka pohim biɛɣu shɛli sokam ni mi Carbon dioxide la ka di baligi kam yim vaabu kobigi bunahi pubu zuɣu (25%) yuuni 1990 hali ni yuuni 2020 bahigu.Bɛ daa lahi yɛli, ni Carbon dioxide ŋɔ maa nyɛla binshɛli din mali barina pam n-ti daadama alaafee polo.
Milieudefensie et al v Royal Dutch Shell nim daa niŋ nangbankpeeni silimin gɔli May, yuuni 2021 ni, ka Hague District kootu daa ŋmaai ni di niŋ talahi n-ti Royal Dutch Shell nima ni bɛ kpuɣi mi sochibisi din yɛn booi pohim shɛli din yuli booni carbon dioxide la tuhiniŋ ti pohim maa ni pirinla bini daa lihi yuuni 2019 laasabu la. Lala zuɣu, bɛ daa ŋmaaya ni bi niŋ mi nimmɔhi ka booi lala pohim ŋɔ maa vaabu bin' pihinahi ni anu zuɣu kɔbigi puuni zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 2030 ni.[14]
United of Kingdom
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Silimimin gɔli December 2020, Britain bilichini ni maa ata: Marina Tricks, Adetola Onamade, Jerry Amokwandoh, ni Climate Litigation Charity, Plan B, daa yɛliya ni bɛ yɛn zaŋ la UK gɔmnan-ti n-tahi kootu domini o kpuɣi sochibisi din yɛn che ka o tooi tuhi nyaŋ saha saha taɣibu ni salinima ni binkɔbiri ʒilɛli ni barina nima.[15][16] Ban daa zaŋ yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ n-tahi kootu ŋɔ daa yɛliya ni bɛ nyɛla ninvuɣ' shɛba ban yɛn yɛli looya nim ni jaaji nim maa ni gɔmnan-ti ni kuli diri laɣiri niŋ di biniɛma kpama ni UK mini tiŋgbaŋ shɛŋa din pahi pahi maa zaa nyɛla binshɛli din mɔŋdi binniɛma bɛ bɛhigu tali yiko ni bɛ daŋ bɛhigu. Yaha, di lahi nyɛla binshɛli din ŋmɛri bɛ Paris Nangbanyini ni yuuni 2008 UK Climate Change Act la.[17]
United States
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Zaŋ chaŋ silimiin gɔli February 2020, U.S. n-daa nyɛ tiŋgbaŋ shɛli din daa mali sariya shɛŋa din daa nabi di hali ka di kalinli paai sariya nim tuhili. Shɛhira nim n-nyɛ Connecticut v. ExxonMobil Corp. ni Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency.
Massachusetts v. EPA
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Juliana v. United States
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Europeani Kootu nim din Lihiri Salinima yiko nima
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Din pahi pahi
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Din yi niŋsim balibu ni na
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Kundivihira
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]- ↑ UN draft climate report: Impacts on nature (English). www. phys.org (24 June 2021). Retrieved 26 June 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Climate change litigation - what is it and what to expect? (English). lexology.com. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ↑ The Climate Justice movement across the globe (English) (19 August 2015). Retrieved 11 June 2021.
- ↑ [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/nov/17/we-should-be-on-the-offensive-james-hansen-calls-for-wave-of-climate-lawsuits Interview 'We should be on the offensive' – James Hansen calls for wave of climate lawsuits] (English). The Guardian for 20 years (17 November 2017). Retrieved 11 June 2021.
- ↑ Venue of last resort: the climate lawsuits threatening the future of big oil (17 December 2017). Retrieved 11 June 2021.
- ↑ Elisa de Wit; Sonali Seneviratne, Huw Calford (February 2020). Climate change litigation update (English). Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ↑ ‘Historic’ German ruling says climate goals not tough enough (English). The Guardian for200years (29 April 2021). Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ↑ Irish citizens win case to force government action on climate change (English). Euronews.green (31 July 2020). Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 THE URGENDA CLIMATE CASE AGAINST THE DUTCH GOVERNMENT (English). Urgenda (19 December 2019). Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- ↑ Joost Akkermans; Ellen Proper (20 December 2019). Dutch Supreme Court Orders 25% Cut in CO2 Starting Next Year (English). www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ↑ Roger Cox (14 November 2012). It is time for the judiciary to step in and avert climate catastrophe. The Guardian for200years. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Quirin Schiermeier (24 June 2015). Landmark court ruling tells Dutch government to do more on climate change (English). www.nature.com. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Arthur Neslen (24 June 2015). Dutch government ordered to cut carbon emissions in landmark ruling (English). The Guardian for200years. Retrieved 17 June 2021. “Dutch court orders state to reduce emissions by 25% within five years to protect its citizens from climate change in world’s first climate liability suit”
- ↑ Daniel Boffey (26 May 2021). Court orders Royal Dutch Shell to cut carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 (English). The Guardian. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ↑ New Youth Climate Lawsuit Launched Against UK Government on Five Year Anniversary of Paris Agreement (English) (12 December 2021). Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- ↑ Young People vs UK Gov: Right to Life & the Paris Agreement (English). Plan B. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- ↑ Cecilia Keating (11 December 2020). 'A quantum leap for climate action': UK pledges to end support for overseas oil and gas projects (English). https://www.businessgreen.com.+Retrieved 14 June 2021.